The Role of Precision Anesthesia in High-risk Surgical Patients: A Comprehensive Review and Future Direction

Abstract

This paper aims to comprehensively review the application of precision anesthesia in high-risk surgical patients, explore its role, technical basis, clinical effects and its challenges, and look forward to the future development direction. Through the in-depth analysis of the characteristics, anesthesia risk and precision anesthesia related technologies of high-risk surgical patients, combined with modern medical means such as genomics, biomarker monitoring, artificial intelligence and big data analysis, the application of precision anesthesia in improving anesthesia safety, reducing complications and optimizing postoperative recovery is discussed. Through individualized preoperative evaluation and planning, drug selection and dose adjustment, and intraoperative real-time monitoring and adjustment, precision anesthesia significantly reduces anesthesia-related complications, improves the safety of anesthesia and the quality of patients postoperative recovery. However, technical limitations, cost issues, ethical privacy challenges, and the universality of individualized schemes still need to be addressed. Precision anesthesia has significant clinical significance in high-risk surgical patients and and well-demonstrating great potential. Future development needs to further promote the deep integration of genomics and anesthesiology, strengthen the application of big data and artificial intelligence, and promote interdisciplinary cooperation, so as to realize the popularization and optimization of precision medicine.